She edits and prepares scientific manuscripts and grant proposals for submission. Intestinal metaplasia (IM) occurs when the body replaces the cells that line the upper digestive tract (including ...

Bladder cancer often begins with subtle symptoms that are easy to overlook. The most common early sign is blood in the urine, a condition known as hematuria. In many cases, the blood may not always be ...

This is an inspection of the bladder and the urethra using a cystoscope. There are two types of cystoscope: Rigid: A solid telescope which has a light and a separate channel to allow other ...

Presumably, the repeated exposure to acid and bile in the refluxate induces tissue injury in the lower esophagus, and the intestinal metaplasia that forms during the healing process likely ...

Bladder cancer occurs when cancerous cells form in the tissues of the bladder, the hollow organ in your abdomen that stores urine. The bladder has several layers, and cancer cells can form in any ...

Objective The presence of intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a risk factor for gastric cancer. However, it is still controversial whether IM itself is precancerous or paracancerous. Here, we aimed to ...

Background and aims: Intestinal metaplasia (IM) at the cardia is likely to be a precursor of cardia cancer. Previous work has shown that it is associated with chronic inflammation attributable to ...

A cystoscopy (sis-TOS-kuh-pee) is a procedure that lets a urologist view the inside of the bladder and urethra in detail. It is often used to find causes of blood in the urine, incontinence, frequent ...